I. 서 론
II. 연구방법및절차
1. 문헌검색
2. 문헌분석
3. 비뚤림 위험 평가
III. 결 과
1. 문헌검색결과
2. 문헌분석
1) 임상연구 개요 및 설계
Table 1
Title | Author, journal, year | Nation | Design | Sample size | Group |
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Effect of Daikenchuto (TJ-100) on gastrointestinal symptoms following laparoscopic colectomy in patients with colon cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial17 | Hoshino, Trials,2017 | Japan | single center, randomized, open-label, 2-armed, controlled study | 40 |
A : standard bowel preparation (75 mg sodium picosulfate and 12 mg pursennid) & antibiotic prophylaxis (oral doses of 1 g kanamycin and 750 mg metronidazole) & surgical procedures+Daikenchuto B : standard bowel preparation & antibiotic prophylaxis & surgical procedures |
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The effect of Daikenchuto on postoperative intestinal motility in patients with right-side colon cancer15 | Yamada, Surg Today, 2017 | Japan | single center, retrospective, 2-armed, controlled study | 88 |
A : surgery+prophylactic antibiotic flomoxef+Daikenchuto B : surgery |
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Evaluation of the efficacy of daikenchuto (TJ-100) for the prevention of paralytic ileus after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial21 | Okada, Surgery, 2016 | Japan | multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial | 224 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto (TJ-100) B : surgery+placebo |
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Clinical pharmacology of daikenchuto assessed by transit analysis using radiopaque markers in patients with colon cancer undergoing open surgery: a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study (JFMC39-0902 additional study)4 | Katsuno, J Gastroenterol, 2016 | Japan | multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study | 84 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto B : surgery+placebo |
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Effect of Daikenchuto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, after Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase Ⅱ Trial19 | Yoshikawa, J Am Coll Surg, 2015 | Japan | multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase ⅱ trial | 207 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto B : surgery+placebo |
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Clinical efficacy of Daikenchuto for gastrointestinal dysfunction following colon surgery: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study (JFMC39-0902)18 | Katsuno, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2015 | Japan | randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study | 354 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto B : surgery+placebo |
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Effects of daikenchuto, a Japanese herb, on intestinal motility after total gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial5 | Akamaru, J Gastrointest Surg, 2015 | Japan | multi-center, open-labeled prospective, randomized, 2-armed trial | 100 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto B : surgery+placebo |
Effect of TU-100, a traditional Japanese medicine, administered after hepatic resection in patients with liver cancer: a multi-center, phase Ⅲ trial (JFMC40-1001)22 | Shimada, Int J Clin Oncol, 2015 | Japan | multicenter, phase Ⅲ trial | 231 |
A : surgery+Daikenchuto (TU-100) B : surgery+placebo |
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Dai-kenchu-to, a Chinese herbal medicine, improves stasis of patients with total gastrectomy and jejunal pouch interposition20 | Endo, Am J Surg, 2006 | Japan | randomized, cross-over designed study | 17 |
A : initially took Dai-kenchu-to before every meal for 2 weeks (on treatment) and thereafter Daikenchuto was discontinued for 2 weeks (off treatment) B : initially were off treatment for 2 weeks and then were on treatment for 2 weeks |
2) 임상 연구 대상자(Participants)(Table 2)
Table 2
Study | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
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Hoshino, 201717 |
1. Patients with left-sided colon cancer (including rectosigmoid cancer) who are scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery 2. Clinical stage I, II and III 3. Patients who suffer from abdominal pain and distention at POD 1 (NRS score≥1) 4. The European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or less 5. Patients aged 20 years and older at registration 6. Patients who can take medications orally 7. Written informed consent provided to participate in the study |
1. Patients who have history of abdominal surgery or history of bowel obstruction 2. Patients with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease 3. Patients with concomitant endometriosis 4. Patients requiring emergency surgery 5. Patients who have been or will be treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy 6. Patients with severe comorbidity such as cardiac disease, liver disease, pulmonary disease or renal disease 7. Patients who took Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo) up to 4 weeks prior to registration 8. Patients who took gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs, antipsychotic drugs or antidepressant drugs up to 4 weeks prior to registration 9. Patients with a history of a Kampo allergy in other formulations 10. Patients with hepatitis B or C 11. Patients who are unable to take medications orally at POD 1 12. Patients who are unsuitable for study inclusion as determined by the nvestigator (e.g., those with severe dementia) |
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Yamada, 201715 |
1. With primary tumors located in the right-side colon 2. Who could undergo elective surgery 3. Who had American Society of Anesthesiologists grades of I-Ⅲ 4. Who were aged 20-85 years |
1. ≥2 anastomoses 2. Intestinal obstruction before surgery (peristaltic activity is impaired in this condition) 3. Having undergone colostomy or ileostomy 4. Having undergone any additional procedure 5. Requiring admission to the intensive-care unit after surgery. |
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Okada, 201621 | 1. Adults (≥20 years of age) who were scheduled to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary tumors and tumors of the head of the pancreas |
1. Patients with tumors that required resection of the colon 2. Patients who were expected to have severe intra-abdominal adhesions as the result of previous surgery or peritonitis 3. Patients who had used gastrointestinal prokinetic medication, antipsychotic medication, or antidepressants 4. Patients who had used Japanese herbal (Kampo) medicines within 4 weeks before registration |
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Katsuno, 20164 |
1. Qualified for curative open surgery for sigmoid cancer (including cancer of the rectosigmoid region) on the basis of preoperative diagnosis of stage I, Ⅱ, Ⅲa, or Ⅲb disease and T category of 1-3, N category of 0-2, and M category of 0 2. Performance status of 0-1 3. Able to tolerate oral administration of Daikenchuto 4. 20 years or older 5. Able to stay in the hospital during the study period 6. Able to provide written informed consent. |
1. Scheduled for endoscopic surgery 2. Scheduled for laparoscopic surgery 3. Had complicated inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease) 4. Required emergency surgery 5. Had double cancer 6. Had a serious liver disorder 7. Had a serious renal disorder 8. Had a history of laparotomy and peritonitis (except surgery for appendicitis) 9. Taking other Kampo medicine 10. Pregnant, possibly pregnant, lactating, or considering a pregnancy 11. Unfit for the study as determined by the attending physician |
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Yoshikawa, 201519 |
1. Gastric cancer and were planning open total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction 2. Had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1 3. Were capable of orally taking test reagents 4. Were aged from 20 to 85 years 5. Had sufficient function of vital organs (including bone marrow, heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs) 6. Were in an adequate general condition to undergo total gastrectomy 7. Were inpatients during the study period 8. Provided written informed consent |
1. Previous laparotomy (except appendectomy) 2. Previous intestinal resection 3. Ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease 4. Emergency operation 5. A diagnosis of cancer before the current gastric carcinoma 6. Chemotherapy in the 4 weeks before surgery or during the trial period 7. Intake of other Kampo medicines in the 4 weeks before surgery 8. Patients who were pregnant or possibly pregnant and those who had synchronous cancers |
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Katsuno, 201518 |
1. Qualified for curative colonic open resection for colon cancer (including cancer of the rectosigmoid) that had been diagnosed pre-operatively according to the disease staging (I, Ⅱ, Ⅲa, Ⅲb, TNM category distribution: T=1-3, N=0-2, M=0) 2. Diagnosed with a performance status (PS) of 0-1 3. Able to tolerate oral administration of DKT 4. Aged 20 years or older 5. Man or woman 6. Able to stay in hospital during the entire length of study period; and 7. Able to provide written informed consent |
1. Those scheduled for endoscopic or laparoscopic surgery 2. Those having complicated inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease) 3. Those requiring emergency surgery 4. Those diagnosed with double cancer, serious liver disorder or serious renal disorder 5. Those with a history of laparotomy and peritonitis (excluding surgery for appendicitis) 6. Those taking other Kampo medicines 7. Those who were pregnant, possibly pregnant, lactating or considering pregnancy 8. Those unfit for the study as determined by the attending physician |
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Akamaru, 20155 |
1. Histologically confirmed stage I, Ⅱ, or Ⅲ gastric cancer with a plan to undergo total gastrectomy with a D2 dissection (permitting preservation of the spleen), Roux-en-Y reconstruction, and R0 surgery 2. No previous cancer treatment or past history of any other cancer 3. Age between 20 to 80 years 4. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 5. Adequate organ functions |
1. Any hepatic, peritoneal, or distant metastasis or any positive tumor cells in cytological examinations of peritoneal fluids 2. Emergency surgery, other active malignancies, morbid cardiopulmonary disease, severe liver-kidney dysfunction, a history of laparotomy (except appendectomy), or intestinal obstruction. |
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Shimada, 201522 |
1. Were planning open or laparoscopy-assisted hepatic resection of laparotomy 2. Had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 3. Were capable of orally taking test reagents 4. Were aged over 20 5. Had no history of prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks before surgery 6. Had sufficient vital organ functions (bone marrow, heart, liver, kidney, lung, etc.) 7. Were in a satisfactory general condition for hepatectomy 8. Showed serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of 2.0 mg per deciliter 9. Were inpatients during the study period 10. Provided their written informed consent. |
1. Planning a pure laparoscopic hepatectomy 2. A history of hepatectomy 3. Comorbidity of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease 4. Emergency operation(s) 5. Synchronous and metachronous gastrectomy 6. Synchronous colectomy combined treatment with radiofrequency ablation 7. Prior chemotherapy within 4 weeks or intraoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy 8. Planned chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 10 days after surgery 9. Intake of other Kampo medicines within 4 weeks before surgery 10. Pregnancy or possible pregnancy 11. Reconstruction of biliary tract 12. Colostomy 13. Simultaneous administration of synbiotics 14. Patients judged inappropriate for this study by the physicians |
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Endo, 200620 | 1. Who underwent total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch interposition for gastric carcinoma |
1. No significant associated diseases such as cirrhosis, renal failure, pulmonary diseases, or cardiac diseases. 2. Not had a recurrence or any postoperative complications including leakage or intestinal obstruction |
3) 시험약(Intervention)(Table 3)
Table 3
Study | Intervention | Contents & dose & period |
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Hoshino, 201717 | Daikenchuto |
Daikenchuto (5 g) will be administered orally three times per day between POD 2 and POD 28. DKT manufactured by Tsumura & Co (Tokyo, Japan) will be used. |
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Yamada, 201715 | Daikenchuto | 7.5 g of Daikenchuto was administered for five days starting the second day after surgery. |
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Okada, 201621 | Daikenchuto | A solution of 5 g of TJ-100 was administered orally 3 times daily (15 g/day) immediately before meals or every 8 hours for 17 consecutive days (from preoperative day 3 to postoperative day 14), except on the operative day and on postoperative day 1; on the operative day, TJ-100 was administered immediately after the operation in a single 5 g dose as a diluent via a delivering tube (10 Fr) inserted into jejunum; and on postoperative day 1, 3 doses of 5 g were delivered via a delivering tube to prevent aspiration pneumonia. TJ-100 extract powder is manufactured by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan) |
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Katsuno, 20164 | Daikenchuto |
Daikenchuto orally at a dosage of 15 g/day (5 g three times a day) from postoperative day 2 to postoperative day 8. Daikenchuto was manufactured by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan) |
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Yoshikawa, 201519 | Daikenchuto |
Oral doses of 15 g/d (5 g 3 times a day) of either of Daikenchuto from postoperative day (POD) 1 or 2 to 12. Daikenchuto was administered by oral or nasogastric tube. Daikenchuto were manufactured by Tsumura & Co. |
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Katsuno, 201518 | Daikenchuto | Oral doses of 15 g/day (5 g t.i.d) of Daikenchuto from post-operative day (POD) 2 to POD8. Daikenchuto were manufactured by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan). |
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Akamaru, 20155 | Daikenchuto | 2.5 g of Daikenchuto (Tsumura & Co., Tokyo, Japan), taken orally with 20 ml tepid water three times per day, starting the day after the operation, when oral intake was allowed. They continued treatment through the third month after surgery. |
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Shimada, 201522 | Daikenchuto | Oral doses of 15 g/day (5 g three times a day) of TU-100 from preoperative day 3 to postoperative day 10, except on the day of liver surgery. TU-100 was manufactured by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan) |
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Endo, 200620 | Daikenchuto | Initially took 15 g/d of Daikenchuto (Tsumura & Co., Tokyo, Japan) before every meal for 2 weeks (on treatment) and thereafter Daikenchuto was discontinued for 2 weeks (off treatment) |
4) 대조군(Comparator)(Table 4)
Table 4
Study | Comparator |
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Hoshino, 201717 | No additional medicine will be administered as a comparator. |
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Yamada, 201715 | No additional medicine was administered as a comparator. |
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Okada, 201621 | Daikenchuto placebo: a solution of 5 g of placebo was administered orally 3 times daily (15 g/day) immediately before meals or every 8 hours for 17 consecutive days (from preoperative day 3 to postoperative day 14), except on the operative day and on postoperative day 1; on the operative day, placebo was administered immediately after the operation in a single 5 g dose as a diluent via a delivering tube (10 Fr) inserted into jejunum; and on postoperative day 1, 3 doses of 5 g were delivered via a delivering tube to prevent aspiration pneumonia. |
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Katsuno, 20164 | Daikenchuto placebo: placebo orally at a dosage of 15 g/day (5 g three times a day) from postoperative day 2 to postoperative day 8 |
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Yoshikawa, 201519 |
Daikenchuto placebo: oral doses of 15 g/d (5 g 3 times a day) of either of DKT placebo from postoperative day (POD) 1 or 2 to 12. Daikenchuto placebo was administered by oral or nasogastric tube. |
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Katsuno, 201518 | Daikenchuto placebo: oral doses of 15 g/day (5 g t.i.d) of DKT placebo from post-operative day (POD) 2 to POD8. DKT placebo were manufactured by Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan). |
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Akamaru, 20155 | 20 ml tepid water three times per day |
Shimada, 201522 | TU-100 placebo: oral doses of 15 g/day (5 g three times a day) of TU-100 placebo from preoperative day 3 to postoperative day 10, except on the day of liver surgery |
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Endo, 200620 | Initially were off treatment for 2 weeks and then were on treatment (15 g/d of Daikenchuto before every meal for 2 weeks) for 2 weeks. |
5) 유효성 평가지표(Outcome)(Table 5)
Table 5
Study | Outcome |
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Hoshino, 201717 |
1. Primary endpoints 1) Grade of abdominal pain determined using the numeric rating scale (NRS) 2) Grade of abdominal distention determined using the NRS 3) Quality of life determined using the Gastrointestinal Quality Life Index (GIQLI) NRS measurements of abdominal pain and distention will be taken prior to surgery and at postoperative days (POD) 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28. GIQLI will be taken before surgery and at POD 14 and 28. 2. Secondary endpoints 1) Postoperative nutritional status (Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (PNI) & Controlling Nutritional Status score (CONUT score) 2) Time to initial flatus 3) Time to initial defecation 4) Bowel gas volume measured using analysis software 5) Character of stool (Bristol Stool Form Scale) 6) Defecation frequency per day 7) Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) 8) Duration of postoperative hospital stay 9) Metabolomics analysis of metabolites in stool and blood using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) |
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Yamada, 201715 |
1. Primary endpoints: the effect of Daikenchuto on the postoperative intestinal motility assessed by the radiopaque marker Sitzmarks (Konsyl, Easton, MD, USA), which contains 20 radiopaque ring markers (diameter: 4.5 mm) per capsule.) The postoperative intestinal motility was assessed radiologically by counting the number of residual markers on abdominal radiography (PODs 1, 3, and 5). 2. Secondary endpoint:the postoperative inflammation reaction by C-reactive protein (CRP) on POD 3 |
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Okada, 201621 |
1. Primary endpoints 1) Incidence of postoperative paralytic ileus lasting >72 hours after surgery 2) Time to occurrence of postoperative paralytic ileus 2. Secondary endpoints 1) The incidence of postoperative paralytic ileus in cases which combined with/without enteral alimentation 2) Quality of life (QOL) assessment by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale Score (Japanese version) 3) Assessment of abdominal pain and abdominal distention by means of a visual analog scale 4) The ratio of the abdominal circumference on postoperative day 3 to the circumference on the operative day immediately after surgery 5) The incidence of postoperative complications, |
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Katsuno, 20164 |
1. Total transit analysis (the total number of evacuated radiopaque markers 72 h after administration) 2. Segmental transit analysis at 6, 24, and 72 h (the number of markers identified on radiographs in the following locations was determined by three physicians: 1) in the anal side of the small intestine at 6 h (evacuation from the stomach), 2) the anal side of the cecum at 24 h (evacuation from the small intestine), and 3) the anal side of the sigmoid colon at 72 h.), 3. The time to first flatus |
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Yoshikawa, 201519 |
1. Primary endpoints: time from the end of operation (tracheal tube extubation) until first flatus and defecation, and frequency of defecation per day after surgery. 2. secondary endpoints 1) Quality of life according to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (Japanese Version) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gastric FACT-Ga 2) Serum C-reactive protein levels (3) Presence or absence of severe postoperative bowel movement disorder (4) Presence or absence of postoperative ileus (5) Adverse events (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) |
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Katsuno, 201518 |
1. Primary endpoints: the time from the end of surgery (tracheal tube extubation) until first bowel movement, frequency of bowel movement per day and change in the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores after surgery 2. Secondary endpoints 1) Quality of life (QOL) according to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS, Japanese version) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) scale 2) Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels 3) The incidence of intestinal obstruction 4) Adverse events (AEs) (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events). |
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Akamaru, 20155 |
1. Gut motor functions during the hospital stay (time to first bowel movement and the frequency and properties of stools) 2. A radiographic quantification of bowel gas 3. QOL assessment 4. The incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction 5. Adverse events related to the Daikenchuto medicine |
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Shimada, 201522 |
1. Primary endpoints: the time from extubation until the first postoperative bowel movement (FBMT), serum CRP levels (days -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10), serum ammonia levels (days -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10) 2. Secondary endpoints 1) The presence or absence of postoperative ileus or other complications 2) Postoperative hospital stay 3) Adverse events (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) |
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Endo, 200620 |
1. Postprandial symptoms caused by stasis including upperabdominal fullness, upper-abdominal discomfort, upper-abdominal pain, regurgitation, and lack of hunger using the Visick grading scale with modifications 2. A dual-phase scintigraphic study 3. Manometric study |
6) 위장관운동성개선효과(Table 6)
Table 6
Study | Results | Conclusion |
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Hoshino, 201717 | Not available (protocol paper) | Not available (protocol paper) |
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Yamada, 201715 |
- The two groups did not significantly differ in the total number of residual markers (Day 1; P=0.27, Day 3: P=0.10, Day 5: P=0.09) or numbers of residual markers in the small intestine (Day 1: P= 0.36, Day 3: P=0.46, Day 5: P=0.34). - The total number of residual markers in the DKT group tended to be less than that in the no-DKT group on PODs 3 and 5. - Among the patients ≥75 years of age, the total number of residual markers in the DKT group was significantly less than in the no-DKT group on POD 5 but not PODs 1 or 3 (P=0.049). |
Although DKT had some small effect on the postoperative intestinal motility for most patients, it may have positive effects in elderly patients. |
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Okada, 201621 |
- Postoperative paralytic ileus was met in 35 patients (33.7%) in the TJ-100 group and 38 patients (36.9%) in the placebo group (risk difference (%), 3.2; 97.5% CI, 11.6 to 18.1; P=0.626). - The time to first flatus was median 2.25 (2.00-0.50) days in the TJ-100 group and 2.50 (1.50-0.50) days in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.12; 97.5% CI, 0.82-1.53; P=0.343). |
Use of TJ-100 did not improve recovery from paralytic ileus after PD. |
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Katsuno, 20164 |
- Total transit analysis: the number of markers in the DKT group (1.49±4.19) and the placebo group (1.28±3.06). There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.584). - Segmental transit analysis: the number of markers distributed in the small intestine or between the small intestine and the anus at 6 h was significantly greater in the DKT group than in the placebo group (15.19 vs 10.06, p=0.008). - Time to first flatus: the mean time to first postoperative flatus was 52.6±30.3 h in the DKT group and 55.6±58.6 h in the placebo group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. |
Daikenchuto has a positive effect on the resolution of delayed gastric emptying, but has a limited effect on the resolution of postoperative paralytic ileus after open surgery in patients with sigmoid or rectosigmoid cancer. |
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Yoshikawa, 201519 |
- Median time from extubation until first flatus was 68.9 hours (range 9.1 to 234.5 hours) in the DKT group and 68.3 hours (range 1.1 to 259.8 hours) in the placebo group (p=0.95). - Median time from extubation until first defecation was 94.7 hours (range 22.8 to 257.5 hours) in the DKT group, and 113.9 hours (range 27.7 to 284.3 hours) in the placebo group (p=0.05). - The incidence of bowel movement disorder was significantly lower in the DKT group at POD 12 (p=0.05). - There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the presence or absence of postoperative ileus. |
Administration of DKT during the immediate postoperative period after total gastrectomy appears to promote early recovery of postoperative bowel function. |
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Katsuno, 201518 |
- The time of first BM: no significant difference was observed between the two groups. - Stool forms: there was no significant difference in between the two groups. - The average number of BMs: for the DKT and placebo groups on POD2 was 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. The number of BMs for the DKT group on POD6 increased to 2.2, decreasing however to 1.9 on POD8. In the placebo group, the number of BMs increased up to 2.4 on POD8. - The frequency of BM in the DKT group at POD8 was significantly lower than that in the placebo group (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, P=0.024). |
Although Daikenchuto had an effect on gastrointestinal function after open surgery in patients with colon cancer, this study did not show its clinical benefits adequately. |
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Akamaru, 20155 |
- The mean time before the first bowel movement after surgery was 4.9±2.5 days in the DKT group and 4.7±2.2 days in the control group (P=0.811). - The number of stools per day was 1.1±0.6 in the DKT group and 0.8±0.4 in the control group (P=0.037). - Stool consistency: 3.7±0.8 points in the DKT and 3.1±0.8 points in the control group (P=0.041). - Gas volume score: treatment group showed a significant decrease in intestinal gas volume compared to the control group at 7 days (78±25 vs 108±35%; P<0.05), at 1 month (70±26 vs 95±49%; P<0.05), and at 3 months (62±33 vs 90±38%; P<0.05) after surgery. |
DKT improved bowel movements, stool properties, and bowel gas. These results suggested that DKT promoted early postoperative bowel functions after total gastrectomy. |
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Shimada, 201522 | - The time from extubation until the first postoperative bowel movement: 88.2 h (95% CI 74.0–4.1) in the TU-100 group and 93.1 h (95% CI 83.3-9.4) in the placebo group, (P=0.0467 by log-rank test; P=0.0471 by Cox regression analysis; HR=1.327). | TU-100 appears to improve gastrointestinal dysmotility with grade B liver damage after hepatectomy. |
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Endo, 200620 |
- Emptying study of the pouch: both liquid and solid radioactivities decreased more rapidly during the on-treatment period than during the off-treatment period (liquid, P=0.01; solid, P=0.015). - Manometric findings: oral intake of Daikenchuto appeared to increase bursts of contractions in the pouch. During quantitative measurements, the drug significantly increased the percentage of time of contractile bursts of the pouch compared with that before the drug (P=.028) |
Daikenchuto increased intestinal motility and decreased postoperative symptoms of patients with total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch interposition |